Fall, 2007
Instructor: Tom Nisonger
e-mail: nisonge@indiana.edu
office hours: Thursday, 2 to 4 P.M.
office phone: 855-5388
SYLLABUS
COURSE OBJECTIVES
Upon the course's completion, students should:
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
The following methods of instruction will be used:
GRADING
The final course grade will be based on two projects. Each will count 50%.
In computing the final grade the following numerical equivalents will be used:
95+ = A
90-94= A-
85-89= B+
80-84= B
75-79= B-
70-74= C+
65-69= C
60-64= C-
etc.
TENTATIVE CLASS SCHEDULE
| Monday, August 27 | Introduction to Course |
| Monday, September 3 | Overview of Evaluation Methodologies |
| Monday, September 10 | Overview of Collection Evaluation |
| Monday, September 17 | The Checklist Method |
| Monday, September 24 | Use of Bibliometrics in Evaluation |
| Monday, October 1 | Use of Bibliometrics in Evaluation |
| Monday, October 8 | Journal Evaluation |
| Monday, October 15 | PROJECT # 1 DUE. Availability & Document Delivery Studies |
| Monday, October 22 | Availability & Document Delivery Studies |
| Monday, October 29 | Evaluation of Use of Library Resources |
| Monday, November 5 | Evaluation of Reference Services: Question Answering |
| Monday, November 12 | Evaluation of Reference Services: Database Searching |
| Monday, November 19 | Evaluation of Technical Services |
| Monday, November 26 | Evaluation of Overall Library Performance |
| Monday, December 3 | PROJECT # 2 DUE. Technology & Evaluation |
READINGS
(Students should read at least three readings of their choice for each week. Additional readings may be suggested during the course.)
ITEMS OF GENERAL INTEREST
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services. 2d ed. Arlington, Va.: Information Resources Press, 1991.
Bertot, John Carlo, and Denise M. Davis, eds. Planning and Evaluating Library Networked Services and Resources. Westport, CT and London: Libraries Unlimited,
2004.
Bertot, John Carlo, Charles R. McClure, and Joe Ryan. Statistics and Performance Measures for Public Library Networked Services. Chicago, American Library Association,
2001.
Durrance, Joan C. , and Karen E. Fisher. How Libraries and Librarians Help: A Guide to Identifying User-Centered Outcomes. Chicago: American Library Association,
2005.
Everhart, Nancy. Evaluating the School Library Media Center: Analysis Techniques and Research Practices. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 1998.
Guide to Performance Evaluation of Serials Vendors; Association for Library Collections & Technical Services, Serials Section Acquisitions Committee. Chicago: American
Library Association, 1997.
Hall, Blaine H. Collection Assessment Manual for College and University Libraries. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1985.
Hernon, Peter, and Robert E. Dugan. An Action Plan for Outcomes Assessment in Your Library. Chicago: American Library Association, 2002.
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. If You Want to Evaluate Your Library... 2d ed. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science,
1993.
McClure, Charles R., and others. Statistics, Measures and Quality Standards for Assessing Digital Reference Library Services: Guidelines and Procedures. Draft version, July
30, 2002, available on Web at URL: http://quartz.syr.edu/quality/Quality.pdf
Nisonger, Thomas E. Evaluation of Library Collections, Access, and Electronic Resources: A Literature Guide and Annotated Bibliography. Westport, CT and London: Libraries
Unlimited (Greenwood Publishing Group), 2003.
Van House, Nancy A., Beth T. Weil, and Charles R. McClure. Measuring Academic Library Performance: a Practical Approach. Chicago: American Library Association,
1990.
Van House, Nancy A., Douglas Zweizig, and Eleanor Jo Rodger. Output Measures for Public Libraries: A Manual of Standardized Procedures. 2d ed. Chicago: American Library
Association, 1987.
Wallace, Danny P., and Connie Van Fleet, eds. Library Evaluation: A Casebook and Can-Do Guide. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2001.
Walter, Virginia A. Output Measures and More: Planning and Evaluating Public
Library Services for Young Adults. Chicago : Young Adult Library Services Association, Public Library Association, American Library Association, 1995.
Walter, Virginia A. Output Measures for Public Library Service to Children: A Manual of Standardized Procedures. Chicago: American Library Association, 1992.
White, Andrew, and Eric Djiva Kamal. E-Metrics for Library and Information Professionals: How to Use Data for Managing and Evaluating Electronic Resource Collections. New
York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 2006.
Whitlatch, Jo Bell. Evaluating Reference Services: A Practical Guide. Chicago: American Library Association, 2000.
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "The Evaluation of Library Services: An Introduction." In their Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services, 1-26. 2d ed.
Arlington, Va.: Information Resources Press, 1991.
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "The Range and Scope of Library Services." In their Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services, 335-367. 2d ed. Arlington, Va.:
Information Resources Press, 1991. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "Introduction." In If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 1-20. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science,
1993.
FOR SEPTEMBER 10: OVERVIEW OF COLLECTION EVALUATION
American Library Association. Resources and Technical Services Division. Resources Section. Collection Management and Development Committee. Subcommittee on Guidelines for Collection
Development. Guide to the Evaluation of Library Collections. Barbara Lockett, ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1989. (Collection Management and Development Guides, no.
2).
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "Collection Evaluation: Materials-Centered Approaches" and "Collection Evaluation: Use-Centered Approaches." In their Measurement and
Evaluation of Library Services, 39-122. 2d ed. Arlington, Va.: Information Resources Press, 1991. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Clayton, Peter, and G. E. Gorman. "Collection Evaluation and Review.” In their Managing Information Resources in Libraries: Collection Management in Theory and Practice, 160-86.
London: Library Association Publishing: 2001.
Evans, G. Edward, with the assistance of Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro. "Evaluation." In their Developing Library and Information Center Collections, 314-338,
5th ed. Westport, CT and London: Libraries Unlimited, 2005.
Everhart, Nancy. "Collections.” In her Evaluating the School Library Media Center: Analysis Techniques and Research Practices, 91-117. Englewood, CO: Libraries
Unlimited, 1998.
Hall, Blaine H. Collection Assessment Manual for College and University Libraries. Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1985.
Mosher, Paul. "Quality and Library Collections: New Directions in Research and Practice in Collection Evaluation." In Advances in Librarianship, vol. 13, edited by Wesley
Simonton, 211-38. Orlando, Fla.: Academic Press, 1984.
Van Fleet, Connie. "Evaluating Collections.” In Library Evaluation: A Casebook and Can-Do Guide, edited by Danny P. Wallace and Connie Van Fleet, 117-28. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2001.
Dennison, Russell F. "Quality Assessment of Collection Development Through Tiered Checklists: Can You Prove You Are a Good Collection Developer?” Collection
Building 19, no. 1 (2000): 24-26.
Elzy, Cheryl and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "Looking at a Collection in Different Ways: A Comparison of Methods of Bibliographical Checking." Collection Management 12, nos. 3/4
(1990): 1-10.
Goldhor, Herbert. "Analysis of an Inductive Method of Evaluating the Book Collection of a Public Library." Libri 23, no. 1 (1973): 6-17.
Halliday, Blane. "Identifying Library Policy Issues with List Checking.” In Library Evaluation: A Casebook and Can-Do Guide, edited by Danny P. Wallace and Connie
Van Fleet, 140-52. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited, 2001. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Harris, Matthew, and Gregory A. Crawford. "The Ownership of Religious Texts by Academic Libraries.” College & Research Libraries 63 (September 2002):
450-58.
Lundin, Anne H. "List-Checking in Collection Development: An Imprecise Art." Collection Management 11, nos. 3/4 (1989): 103-12.
Meehan, William .F. III and Thomas E. Nisonger. "The Rowing Collection in the Free Library of Philadelphia OPAC: A Checklist Evaluation.” Collection Management 30,
no. 4 (2005): 85-101. [Note that actual publication date is 2007, although issue date is 2005.]
Schaffer, Thomas. "Psychology Citations Revisited: Behavioral Research in the Age of Electronic Resources.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 30 (September 2004):
354-60.
FOR SEPTEMBER 24 & OCTOBER 1: USE OF BIBLIOMETRICS IN EVALUATION
Adkins, Denice, and John Budd. "Scholarly Productivity of U.S. LIS Faculty.” Library and Information Science Research 28 (Autumn 2006): 374-89.
Adkins, Denice, and John Budd. "Corrigendum to ‘Scholarly Productivity of U.S. LIS Faculty" [Library and Information Science Research 28 (2006) 374-389].”
Library and Information Science Research 29 (March 2007): 154-58.
Buzzard, Marion L., and Doris E. New. "An Investigation of Collection Support for Doctoral Research." College & Research Libraries 44 (November 1983):
469-475.
Cameron, Brian D. "Trends in the Usage of ISI Bibliometric Data: Uses, Abuses, and Implications.” Portal 5 (January 2005): 105-125.
Devin, Robin B., and Martha Kellogg. "The Serial/Monograph Ratio in Research Libraries: Budgeting in Light of Citation Studies." College & Research Libraries 51 (January
1990): 46-54.
Dilevko, Juris, and Keren Deli. "Improving Collection Development and Reference Services for Interdisciplinary Fields through Analysis of Citation Patterns: An Example Using
Tourism Studies.” College & Research Libraries 65 (May 2004): 216-41.
Heinzkill, Richard. "References in Scholarly English and American Literary Journals Thirty Years Later: A Citation Analysis.” College & Research Libraries 68
(March 2007): 141-53.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "A Test of Two Citation Checking Techniques for Evaluating Political Science Collections in University Libraries." Library Resources & Technical
Services 27 (April/June 1983): 163-76.
Stelk, Roger Edward, and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "The Use of Textbooks in Evaluating the Collection of an Undergraduate Library." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 14, no. 2 (1990): 191-193.
FOR OCTOBER 8: JOURNAL EVALUATION METHODS
Black, Steven. "Using Citation Analysis to Pursue a Core Collection of Journals for Communication Disorders.” Library Resources & Technical Services 45
(January 2001): 3-9.
Esteibar, Belen Altuna, and F. W. Lancaster. "Ranking of Journals in Library and Information Science by Research and Teaching Relatedness." Serials Librarian 23, nos. 1/2
(1992): 1-10.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "The Benefits and Drawbacks of Impact Factor for Journal Collection Management in Libraries.” Serials Librarian 47, nos. 1-2. (2004):
57-76.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Journals in the Core Collection: Definition, Identification, and Applications.” Serials Librarian 51, nos. 3-4 (2007): 51-73.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Use of the Journal Citation Reports for Serials Management in Research Libraries: An Investigation of the Effect of Self-Citation on Journal Rankings in
Library and Information Science and Genetics." College & Research Libraries 61 (May 2000): 263-75.
Nisonger, Thomas E. , and Charles H. Davis. "The Perception of Library and Information Science Journals by LIS Education Deans and ARL Library Directors: A Replication of the
Kohl-Davis Study.” College & Research Libraries 66 (July 2005): 341-77.
Vaughan, Liwen, and Debora Shaw. "Web Citation Data for Impact Assessment: A Comparison of Four Science Disciplines.” Journal of the American Society for Information
Science and Technology 56 (August 2005): 1075-87.
FOR OCTOBER 15 & OCTOBER 22: AVAILABILITY & DOCUMENT DELIVERY STUDIES
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "Evaluation of Materials Availability." In their Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services, 143-180. 2d ed. Arlington, Va.:
Information Resources Press, 1991. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Ciliberti, Anne C., Marie L. Radford, and Gary P. Radford, "Empty Handed? A Material Availability Study and Transaction Log Analysis Verification.” Journal of Academic
Librarianship 24 (July 1998): 282-89.
Gregory, David J., and Wayne A. Pedersen. "Book Availability Revisited: Turnaround Time for Recalls versus Interlibrary Loans.” College & Research Libraries 64
(July 2003): 283-299.
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "Shelf Availability." In his If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 129-146. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and
Information Science, 1993. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Nisonger, Thomas E. "A Review and Analysis of Library Availability Studies.” Library Resources & Technical Services 51 (January 2007): 30-49.
Shaw-Kokot, Julia, and Claire de la Varre. "Using a Journal Availability Study to Improve Access.” Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 89 (January 2001):
21-28.
Steynberg, Susan, and S. F. Rossouw. "Testing Orr's Document Delivery Test on Biomedical Journals in South Africa." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 83 (January
1995): 78-84.
Van House, Nancy A., Beth T. Weil, and Charles R. McClure. "Materials Availability and Use." In their Measuring Academic Library Performance; A Practical Approach, 54-76.
Chicago: American Library Association, 1990. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Yang, Zheng Ye (Lan)). "Improving Turnaround Time for Document Delivery of Materials Owned But Not on the Shelf: A Case Study from an Academic Library.” Journal of
Academic Librarianship 32 (March 2006): 200-204.
FOR OCTOBER 29: EVALUATION OF USE OF LIBRARY MATERIALS
Bertot, John Carlo. "E-metrics and Performance Indicators: Availability and Use.” In Planning and Evaluating Library Networked Services and Resources, edited by
John Carlo Bertot and Denise M. Davis, 95-126. Westport, CT and London: Libraries Unlimited, 2004.
Black, Steve. "Impact of Full Text on Print Journal Use at a Liberal Arts College.” Library Resources & Technical Services 49 (January 2005): 19-26,
56.
Christianson, Marilyn, and Marsha Aucoin. "Electronic or Print Books: Which are Used?” Library Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Serviceas 29, no. 1
(2005); 71-81.
Bertot, John Carlo, Charles R. McClure, and Joe Ryan. Statistics and Performance Measures for Public Library Networked Services, 6-37. Chicago, American Library Association,
2001. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Blecic, Deborah D., Joan B. Fiscella, and Stephen E. Wiberley, Jr. " Measurement of Use of Electronic Resources : Advances in Use Statistics and Innovations in Resource
Management.” College & Research Libraries 68 (January 2007): 26-44.
Knievel, Jennifer, Heather Wicht, and Lynn Silipigni Connaway, "Use of Circulation Statistics and Interlibrary Loan Data in Collection Management.” College &
Research Libraries 67 (January 2006): 35-49.
Ferguson, Anthony W. "Digital Information Use Statistics: Useful?Useless?” In Charleston Conference Proceedings 2002, edited by Rosann Bazirjian and Vicky Speck.
27-35. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2003.
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "Evaluation of the Collection: Analysis of Use." In If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 51-75. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate
School of Library and Information Science, 1993. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "In-House Use." In If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 76-86. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information
Science, 1993. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Tonta, Yasar, and Yurdagül Ünal. "Scatter of Journals and Literature Obsolescence Reflected in Document Delivery Requests.” Journal of the American Society
for Information Science and Technology 56 (January 1, 2005): 84-94.
FOR NOVEMBER 5: EVALUATION OF REFERENCE SERVICES: QUESTION ANSWERING
Arnold, Julie, and Neal Kaske. "Evaluating the Quality of a Chat Service.” Portal: Libraries and the Academy 5 (April 2005): 177-93.
Baker, Lynda M., and Judith J. Field. "Reference Success: What has Changed over the past Ten Years?” Public Libraries 39 (January/February 2000):
23-30.
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "Evaluation of Reference Services: Question Answering." In their Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services, 229-272. 2d ed.
Arlington, Va.: Information Resources Press, 1991. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Bradford, Jane T., Barbara Costello, and Robert Lenholt. "Reference Service in the Digital Age: An Analysis of Sources Used to Answer Reference Questions.” Journal of
Academic Librarianship 31 (May 2005): 263-72.
Crews, Kenneth D. "The Accuracy of Reference Service: Variables for Research and Implementation." Library & Information Science Research 10 (July 1988):
331-355.
Gers, Ralph and Lillie J. Seward. "Improving Reference Performance: Results of a Statewide Study." Library Journal 110 (November 1, 1985): 32-35.
Janes, Joseph, and Charles R. McClure. "The Web as a Reference Tool: Comparisons with Traditional Sources.” Public Libraries 38 (January/February 1999): 30-33,
36-39.
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "Question Answering." In his If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 151-180. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and
Information Science, 1993. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Richardson, John V. "Reference is Better Than We Thought.” Library Journal 127 (April 15, 2002): 41-42.
Ross, Catherine Sheldrick, and Kirsti Nilsen. "Has the Internet Changed Anything in Reference? The Library Visit Study, phase 2.” Reference and User Services
Quarterly 40 (Winter 2000): 147-55.
Shachaf, Pnina, Lokman I. Meho, and Noriko Hara. "Cross-cultural Analysis of E-mail Reference.” Journal of Academic Librarianship 33 (March 2007):
243-53.
FOR NOVEMBER 12: EVALUATION OF REFERENCE SERVICES: DATABASE SEARCHING
Baker, Sharon L., and F. Wilfrid Lancaster. "Evaluation of Reference Services: Database Searching." In their Measurement and Evaluation of Library Services, 273-320. 2d ed.
Arlington, Va.: Information Resources Press, 1991. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Barnett, Andy. "A Survey of Internet Searches and Their Results.” Reference and User Services Quarterly 39 (Winter 1999): 177-81.
Lancaster, F. Wilfrid. "Database Searching." In If You Want to Evaluate Your Library..., 181-219. Champaign: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information
Science, 1993. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Citation Autobiography: An Investigation of ISI Database Coverage in Determining Author Citedness.” College & Research Libraries 65 (March
2004): 152-63.
Nowicki, Stacy. "Student vs. Search Engine: Undergraduates Rank Results for Relevance.” Portal 3, no. 3 (2003): 503-515.
Wu, Gang, and Jie Li. " Comparing Web Search Engine Performance in Searching Consumer Health Information: Evaluation and Recommendations.” Bulletin of the Medical
Library Association 87 (October 1999): 456-61.
FOR NOVEMBER 19: EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
American Library Association. Resources and Technical Services Division. Resource Section. Collection Management and Development Committee and the Acquisitions Committee. Guide to
Performance Evaluation of Library Materials Vendors. Chicago: ALA, 1988.
Fowler, David C., and Janet Arcand. "A Serials Acquisitions Cost Study: Presenting a Case for Standard Serials Acquisitions Data Elements.” Library Resources &
Technical Services 49 (April 2005): 109-22.
Morris, Anne, Julie Woodfield, and J. Eric Davies. "Experimental Evaluation of Selected Electronic Document Delivery Systems." Journal of Librarianship & Information
Science 31 (September 1999): 135-44.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Accessing Information: The Evaluation Research.” Collection Management 26, no. 1 (2001): 1-23.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Cost Analysis of the LIBRIS II Automated Acquisitions System at the University of Texas at Dallas Library." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory
11, no. 3 (1987): 229-238.
Nisonger, Thomas E. "Theft and Staffing at a University Library Book Sale." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 13, no. 4, (1989): 343-350.
Orkiszewski, Paul. "A Comparative Study of Amazon.com As a Library Book and Media Vendor.” Library Resources & Technical
Services 49 (July 2005): 204-09.
Stevens, Peter H. "Who"s Number One? Evaluating Acquisitions Departments.” Library Collections, Acquisitions & Technical Services 23 (Spring 1999):
79-85.
The Vendor Study Group. "Regional Study of Vendor Performance for In-Print Monographs." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 16, No. 1 (1992): 21-30.
FOR NOVEMBER 26: EVALUATION OF OVERALL LIBRARY PERFORMANCE
Cook, Colleen, Fred Heath, and Bruce Thompson. "‘Zones of Tolerance" in Perceptions of Library Service Quality: A LIBQUAL+ Study.” Portal 3, no. 1
(2003): 113-23.
Hennen, Thomas J., Jr. AGo Ahead, Name Them: America=s Best Public Libraries.@American Libraries 30
(January 1999): 72-76.
Hennen, Thomas J., Jr. "Great American Public Libraries: HAPLR Ratings, Round Two." American Libraries 30 (September 1999): 64-68.
Hennen, Thomas J., Jr. "Hennen"s American Public Library Ratings 2006.” American Libraries 37 (November 2006): 40-42.
Jankowska, Maria Anna, Karen Hertel, and Nancy J. Young. "Improving Library Service Quality to Graduate Students: LibQual+TM Survey
Results in a Practical Setting.” Portal: Libraries and the Academy 6, no. 1 (2006): 59-77.
LibQUAL Home Page on the Web: http://www.libqual.org/
FOR DECEMBER 3: TECHNOLOGY AND EVALUATION
Bowker"s Book Analysis System. Available on the Web at URL: http://www.bowkersbookanalysis.com/bbas/
Dresang, Eliza T., Melissa Gross, and Leslie Edmonds Holt. "Project CATE: Using Outcome Measures to Assess School-Age Children"s Use of Technology in Urban Public
Libraries: A Collaborative Research Process.” Library & Information Science Research 25 (2003): 19-42.
Everhart, Nancy. "Technology.” In her Evaluating the School Library Media Center: Analysis Techniques and Research Practices, 151-77. Englewood, CO: Libraries
Unlimited, 1998. (ON RESERVE IN KENT COOPER ROOM)
Mathur, Mira. "Advent of Digital Libraries and Measuring Their Performance: A Review.” DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology 25 (March 2005):
19-25.
Mundle, Kavita, Harvey Huie, and Nirmala S. Bangalore. "ARL Library Catalog Department Web Sites: An Evaluative Study.” Library Resources & Technical Services
50 (July 2006): 173-85.
Perkins, Gay Helen. "Will Libraries" Web-based Survey Methods Replace Existing Non-Electronic Survey Methods.” Information Technology & Libraries 23
(September 2004): 123-26.
Worldcat Collection Analysis Service. Available on the Web at URL: http://www.oclc.org/collectionanalysis/default.htm
NOTICE REGARDING ACADEMIC HONESTY. Students are reminded that double submission of work for academic credit, fabrication, and plagiarism are serious academic offenses that can result
in penalties up to and including failure on an assignment or failure in the course. According to the Indiana University Code of Student Rights, Responsibilities, and Conduct, they are
defined as follows:
1. Cheating
g. "a student most not submit substantial portions of the same academic work for credit or honors more than once without permission of the instructor or program to whom the work
is being submitted.”
"2. Fabrication
A student must not falsify or invent any information or data in an academic exercise including, but not limited to, records or reports, laboratory results, and citation to the sources of
information.
3. Plagiarism
Plagiarism is defined as presenting someone else"s work, including the work of other students, as one"s own. Any ideas or materials taken from another source for either written or
oral use must be fully acknowledged, unless the information is common knowledge. What is considered "common knowledge” may differ from course to course.